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Pharma Tech Outlook | Wednesday, September 08, 2021
Bioanalysis of pharmaceuticals in biological materials is a typical LC-MS application that thousands of laboratories do to assist in the discovery of novel medications.
FREMONT, CA: The word "bioanalysis" refers to the quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in biological fluids (blood, plasma, and urine) and tissue homogenates. Bioanalysis is critical for the research, discovery, development, and marketing of new pharmacological treatments and provides numerous job prospects for analytical chemists. Initially, bioanalysis was employed to detect illicit drugs in biological fluids in forensic situations involving overdosing. From there, the area expanded with the introduction of pharmacokinetic science.
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Contemporary Bioanalytical Trends
HPLC
HPLC trends in bioanalysis are comparable to those in other HPLC applications, with the recent use of ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and sub-2-m columns to boost throughput and separation efficiency. SPPs increase column efficiency, while HILIC separates primary and secondary metabolites that RPLC does not retain. Chiral LC is required to separate enantiomers, but achiral RPLC is sufficient for diastereomer separation in multichiral APIs. For high-throughput screening applications, faster autosamplers capable of injecting many samples per minute are used. Numerous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems are multiplexed using parallel pumps and multi-samples to boost sample throughput.
MS
MS/MS with TQMS and MRM or SRM detection continues to be the dominating approach for preclinical and clinical testing. A broad linear dynamic range enables the quantification of both the API and its metabolites concurrently. Modern TQMS devices are becoming increasingly compact and stackable, with smaller footprints and enhanced ion optics and ion transfer technology that provides increased sensitivity, dynamic range, and mass range. Numerous current chromatography data systems (CDS) have been upgraded to handle data and perform MS control on the manufacturers' TQMS equipment.
HRMS with TOF, orbital trap MS, and hybrid MS are frequently utilized for metabolite identification and structural elucidation. HRMS is gaining popularity due to its ability to deliver more precise quantitative data in preclinical screening tests, voiding significant interferences from endogenous matrix components.
IMS can separate molecules with precise m/z ratios based on shape or collisional cross-section variations. IMS is increasingly being used to provide an additional dimension for isobaric compound resolution without requiring substantial HPLC method development for isomer separations.
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