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Pharma Tech Outlook | Friday, April 28, 2023
Disintegrants aid the rapid disintegration of oral solid dosage forms, promoting drug dissolution in GI fluid. Their usage is evaluated by pharmacopoeial tests for quality control.
FREMONT, CA: Disintegrants, also known as disintegrating agents, are crucial excipients in pharmaceutical formulations that facilitate the breakdown of solid oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, beads, pellets, and granules into small particles for rapid drug release and dissolution in gastrointestinal fluid. The USP-NF guidelines require a disintegration time of 15 minutes for core tablets and 30 minutes for film-coated tablets and hard gelatin capsules. Therefore, formulators use high-quality disintegrants to ensure the proper disintegration time of the dosage form.
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What are Disintegrants or Disintegrating Agents or Disintegrators?
Disintegrants, also known as disintegrating agents or disintegrators, are substances that are added to solid oral dosages forms like tablets, capsules, beads, and granules to promote rapid disintegration into small particles after administration. This process helps facilitate rapid dissolution in gastrointestinal fluid.
Why are Disintegrants Added Before and After Granulation Frequently?
Disintegrants are typically included in tablet formulations before and after the granulation process. Upon exposure to a liquid medium, such as gastrointestinal fluid or a disintegration apparatus, disintegrants absorb the liquid and begin to swell, dissolve, or form gels. This causes the tablet to break apart and disintegrate, creating a larger surface area for more effective drug dissolution. Disintegrants can be added before granulation to break down small granules into single particles of API and excipients, or after granulation, to quickly disintegrate the entire tablet into granules.
Functions of Disintegrants in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Disintegrants are added to oral solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, pellets, and granules to facilitate the fast disintegration and dissolution of drugs in the gastrointestinal fluid after administration. Their purpose is to control the disintegration time and promote quicker drug release, which aligns with pharmacopoeia standards.
Disintegration is the process of breaking down a solid oral dosage form, such as a tablet, into smaller particles or granules. The tablets must disintegrate and all particles must pass through a 10-mesh screen within a specified time. Complete disintegration is when no residue of the unit except fragments of insoluble coating or capsule shell is left. Disintegration is used to test whether tablets, capsules, or granules break down within the prescribed time when placed in a suitable liquid medium. This test is used in quality control tests of tablets and is a pharmacopoeial test.
Disintegrants are essential excipients used in oral solid dosage forms to promote their rapid disintegration or break down into small particles after administration, facilitating drug dissolution in gastrointestinal fluid. They are added before or after granulation, depending on the desired disintegration time of the dosage form. The disintegration process is evaluated by pharmacopoeial tests to ensure quality control and proper drug release.
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