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Pharma Tech Outlook | Thursday, July 05, 2018
For the first time ever, medical researchers visualized the 'switch off' mechanism of SOCS1 protein cells signaling to dampen immune responses and block cancer growth. The structure of SOCS1 binding to the partner protein Janus kinase (JAK) is in a unique atomic-level. This could be the key to guide the development of drugs that alter disease-causing cell signaling pathways. This could also have applications for treating some blood cancers, including leukemia.
The SOCS1 protein binds to JAK proteins to 'switch off' cell signaling, which dampens processes such as cancer growth and immune responses. Researchers used structural biology to visualize how SOCS1 binds with JAK proteins in a never-before-seen detail. Moreover, such a detailed view can be the key to the development of some innovative drugs that can alter the JAK activity. This could amplify or dampen cell responses, with potential applications in cancer therapies.
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SOCS1 and JAK proteins are implicated in driving diseases including cancer and inflammatory conditions. The cancer-like conditions called Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm (MPNs) is also connected in some way with JAK signaling, including polycythemia vera, certain acute childhood leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Medicines are used for treating MPNs that inhibits the JAK signaling, but they can only manage the disease but has not been reported to cure it. New medicines for these conditions are needed and it is anticipated that a drug designed to mimic the SOCS1 protein to switch off JAK proteins will be more effective treatment.
SOCS1 binding to JAK proteins normally applies a restriction to immune responses which is a good thing for a healthy person. Under certain conditions, releasing this restriction could be a key to enhancing immune responses. This approach to boosting the immune response could be the key to improving immunotherapies for treating cancer. Designing a drug that inhibits SOCS1 may boost anti-cancer immune responses, which potentially improves anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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