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Pharma Tech Outlook | Tuesday, December 27, 2022
As pharmacogenomic testing is growing rapidly, an improved understanding of how it can protect health and enhance treatment is highly important.
FREMONT, CA:Pharmacogenomics aims to tailor medical treatment to each person or a group of people. It looks at how DNA affects the way a body responds to drugs. In a few cases, DNA can affect whether an individual has an adverse reaction to a drug or if it helps but has no effect. Pharmacogenomics can improve health by allowing individuals to know ahead of time if a drug is likely to be beneficial and safe to take. Knowing this information can help doctors find medicines that will work best for an individual.
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Drugs interact with the body in many ways depending on how people take them and where they act in the body. After consuming a drug, the body needs to break it down and get it to the intended area. An individual's DNA can affect multiple steps in this process to influence how they respond to the drug.
Drug Receptors
Some drugs need to attach to proteins on the surface of cells called receptors to work properly. DNA determines the types and number of receptors a body has which can influence the body's response to the drug. Individuals might need a higher or lower amount of the drug than most people, or a different drug.
Drug Uptake
Some drugs should be actively taken into the tissues and cells in which they act. DNA can affect the uptake of a few drugs. Reduced uptake can indicate that the drug does not work and can cause it to build up in other parts of the body, causing problems. Moreover, DNA can affect how quickly some drugs are removed from the cells in which they act. If drugs are removed from the cell too quickly, they will not have the appropriate time to act.
Drug Breakdown
DNA can affect how quickly the body breaks down a drug. If individuals break the drug down more rapidly than most people, their bodies get rid of it faster and might need more of it or a different one. This will require an amount of time if a body breaks down the drug slowly.
Targeted Drug Development
Pharmacogenomic practice in drug development targets the underlying problem rather than just treating symptoms. Many diseases are caused by particular changes or mutations in a gene. The same gene can have different types of mutations, each having various effects. Some mutations may result in a protein that does not work properly, while others indicate that the protein is not made at all. Drugs can be created based on how the mutations affect their proteins, and they will work for a specific mutation type.
Currently, pharmacogenomic testing is used for only a few drugs, but the field is growing very quickly. An improved understanding of the way pharmacogenomics can protect health and enhance treatment will be increasingly important.
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