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Pharma Tech Outlook | Friday, July 30, 2021
Precision immunotherapy aims to address the essential issue of tumor-specific targeting, ensuring that the immune system’s efficacy is aimed solely at cancer cells with little collateral damage to healthy cells.
FREMONT, CA: Immunotherapy is the use of strategies to drive various components of the immune system toward the goal of eradicating cancer. To date, this has included using both positive signals, like cytokines that promote growth/effector functionality in specific cellular subsets or antibodies that engage costimulatory pathways, and methods of uncoupling inhibitory signaling pathways that otherwise restrain the anti-tumor immune response. Although each of these methods has shown some promise in specific situations, their effects are not universal across all cancer types, and they often come with a significant risk of immunological harm to healthy organs.
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This is perhaps reasonable when one unleashes the immune system’s power but does not have control over the immune system’s targeting. Precision immunotherapy aims to address the essential issue of tumor-specific targeting, ensuring that the immune system’s efficacy is aimed solely at cancer cells with little collateral damage to healthy cells. At the moment, the safest method to do so is to focus on tumor-specific characteristics.
Synthetic biology will have the largest impact on the production of more powerful and precise therapeutic vaccinations. Cancer is a genetic illness, which means it is caused by specific gene mutations that affect cell function and can lead to the formation of neoantigens. These antigens are only seen on the surface of ‘transformed’ cells and are encoded by tumor-specific mutant genes. One of the main goals of precision immunotherapy is to find the subset of ‘neoantigens’ that a patient’s T cells recognize and then activate/amplify this response.
Synthetic biology, specifically nanoengineering, opens up entirely new avenues for utilizing the immune system’s potential to mount a powerful and coordinated attack on the tumor that is both patient-specific and scalable. The next step is to figure out what makes up a rationally designed synthetic vaccination that can elicit the required therapeutic response from a cancer patient’s immune system’s natural biology.
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